Welcome! : Representation. Action & Expression. Engagement. - The 3 Principles of Universal Design for Learning

Let's Learn how to make the content more accessible to all different types of learners by understanding the three different principles of Universal Design for Learning. In order to effectively implement UDL in the classroom, teachers must use all three principles during class instruction. The three principles are : to provide multiple means of representation, to provide multiple means of action and expression, and to to provide multiple means of engagement. (CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author.)

I. Provide Multiple Means of Representation

Perception Language, expressions, and symbols Comprehension

Principle #1 Multiple Means of Representation

The "What" of Learning

All types of students (special education classroom and inclusive classroom) learn in many different ways, therefore different representations must be used to reach every student! Providing multiple methods of representation allows for the transfer of learning and helps students make connections. Think of this blog, for example, I have written text, pictures, video clips, sample documents, links to other sites. All of these methods are representing information to you, in a different way!

(Graphic from CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines )

II. Provide Multiple Means of Action and Expression

Physical action Expression and communication Executive function

Principle #2 Provide Multiple Means of Action & Expression
The "How" of Learning

Just like the first principle, it is key that teachers provide their students with options for action and expression. It is important to note, that there is no single type of action and expression that is ideal. Students vary in the method they can communicate what they know. In other words, a student should have variety and choice! You will see leaners differ as action and expression involve the use of strategy, practice, and organization (CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author.)

(Graphic from CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines )

III. Provide Multiple Means of Engagement

Recruiting interest Sustaining effort and persistence Self-regulation

Principle #3 Provide Multiple Means of Engagement

The "Why" of Learning

Teachers must provide multiple options of engagement for their students. Just like the second principle, there is no one ideal method of engagement. (All the more reason for options!) Just like adults, different factors apply to what motivates a student to learn. It is our job as teachers to understand what influences our students to learn!

(Graphic from CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines )

Principles of Universal Design for Learning Guideline

Image provided by CAST (2011). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 2.0. Wakefield, MA: Author.